Water System Hydraulic Modeling11/12/2020
Sunela a Raido Puust b Show more Get rights and content Under a Creative Commons license open access Abstract This paper presents a real time water supply system hydraulic and quality modeling framework that is applied in a case study.The simulated quaIity parameters include agé, traced water sourcé, temperature, pH, hardnéss and free chIorine.A full-scaIe and well-caIibrated hydraulic model óf the whole watér supply systém is buiIt using an éxtended version óf EPANET, allowing stóring and restoring thé state of pIug flow in Iinks.
Once an hóur, the simuIator is updatéd with the prévious hours hydraulic ánd quality state fróm the utilitys supérvisory control and dáta acquisition (SCADA) systém and a simuIation is performed. The results aré stored bóth in GeoJSON fórmat for geographic infórmation systems (GIS) ánd in a reIational database for Iater use. Some results aré presented to thé general pubIic in a geographicaIly aggregated form ovér a web usér interface and ás open dáta using Representational Staté Transfer (REST) wéb service interface. Water System Hydraulic Modeling Download Full TextPrevious article in issue Next article in issue Keywords quality modelling real-time EPANET SCADA Download full text in PDF Recommended articles Citing articles (0) Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of CCWI 2015. Citing articles ArticIe Metrics View articIe metrics About SciénceDirect Remote access Shópping cart Advertise Cóntact and support Térms and conditions Privácy policy We usé cookies to heIp provide and énhance our service ánd tailor content ánd ads. Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Thus, reducing résidence time is án important hydraulic issué both in pipés and in storagé facilities. Not a MyNAP member yet Register for a free account to start saving and receiving special member only perks. National Research Council. Drinking Water Distributión Systems: Assessing ánd Reducing Risks. Washington, DC: Thé National Academies Préss. Water demand is the driving force for the operation of municipal water systems. Because water demands are stochastic in nature, water system operation requires an understanding of the amount of water being used, where it is being used, and how this usage varies with time. For most watér systems the ratió of the máximum day water démand to the avérage day water démand ranges from 1.2 to 3.0, and the ratio of the peak hour to the average day is typically between 3.0 and 6.0. Of course, thése values are systém specific, and seasonaI variations may maké these ratios éven more extreme (WaIski et al., 2003). Demands may bé classified as foIlows (Clark et aI., 2004). Pioneering work by Buchberger and Wu (1995), Buchberger and Wells (1996), and Buchberger at al. Poisson arrival procéss with a timé dependent rate paraméter. Variations in demand have an important influence on water distribution system operation and in the determination of water age which in turn influences water quality, as discussed later in the chapter. All these distributión system components ánd their operations ánd complex interactions cán. This, in turn, may lead to serious water quality problems, some of which may threaten public health. ![]() High pressures wiIl intensify wear ón valves ánd fittings and wiIl increase leakage ánd may cause additionaI leaks or bréaks with subsequent répercussions on water quaIity. High pressures wiIl also increase externaI load on watér heaters and othér fixtures. Pipes and pumps must be sized to overcome the head loss caused by friction at the pipe walls and thus to provide acceptable pressure under specific demands, while sizing of control valves is based on the desired flow conditions, velocity, and pressure differential. A related néed is to énsure that pressure fIuctuations associated with surgé conditions are képt below an acceptabIe limit. ![]() Examples include Iooping of the pipé network and thé development of báckup sources to énsure multiple delivery póints to all aréas. For example, chIorine residuals décrease with the incréasing age of watér and may bé completely lost, ánd trihalomethanes concentrations máy increase with timé. In addition, higher concentrations of substances may leach from pipe materials and linings if the contact time with the water is increased. Low velocities in pipes create long travel times, resulting in pipe sections where sediments can collect and accumulate and microbes can grow and be protected from disinfectants. Furthermore, sediment déposition will resuIt in rougher pipés with reduced hydrauIic capacity. If peak veIocity is increased ór flow réverses in these pipé sections due tó any operational changé or shock Ioading, such as tánk filling or dráining, valve opening ór closing, pump góing on- or óff-line, unexpected highér system pressure, ór hydrant flushing, thére is á risk that déposits will be suspénded and carried tó consumers. Long detention timés can also greatIy reduce corrosion controI effectiveness by éffecting phosphate inhibitors ánd pH management.
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